8.2.1.1 Example system using SVC and TCSCįigure 8.8. The fast and reliable control of these devices improves power quality and helps mitigate flicker. This improves voltage in the network, improves stability and reduces losses due to reduced current flow. As these devices provide reactive power compensation, the reactive power flow in the network is reduced. Similarly, they can also support power flow control.
FACTS devices mentioned above can be used to modify one or more of the above four quantities to increase the power transfer capacity of a line. A simplified equation for power transfer between two buses is given by P = V 1 V 2 sin δ / X, where V 1 and V 2 are magnitude of bus voltages, δ is the angle difference of the two bus voltages and X is the reactance of the line connecting the two buses.
Increased power transfer capacity of a transmission line is one of the immediate benefits of using a FACTS controller.
Bbikash Pal, in Simulation of Power System with Renewables, 2020 8.2.1 Applications FACTS control devices also provide adequate damping of interarea oscillations by acting as actuators in robust control schemes and PMU-based wide-area control schemes.
London underground simulator shunt serials parallel series#
The static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) and thyristor-controlled series capacitor (TCSC) are some of the FACTS control devices which provide series compensation to reactance of the lines to which they are connected, while the static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and static VAR compensator (SVC) (where VAR stands for volt–ampere reactive) are FACTS devices which provide shunt compensation to transmission lines. These devices are also employed for congestion management and loss optimization. Pal, in Dynamic Estimation and Control of Power Systems, 2019 1.1.3 Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS)įACTS devices are static power-electronic devices installed in AC transmission networks to increase power transfer capability, stability, and controllability of the networks through series and/or shunt compensation. To compensate it, shunt inductors are connected across the transmission line.Ībhinav Kumar Singh, Bikash C. The receiving end voltage ( V r) may become double the sending end voltage ( V s) (generally in case of very long transmission lines). Shunt capacitance in the transmission line causes voltage amplification ( Ferranti effect). Due to very low or no load, a very low current flows through the transmission line. This method is used either when charging the transmission line or when there is very low load at the receiving end. The net result is improvement in power factor. To compensate it, a shunt capacitor is connected, which draws current leading to the source voltage. Whenever an inductive load is connected to the transmission line, power factor lags because of lagging load current. This method is used improve the power factor. There are two methods of shunt compensations: (i) Therefore, the transmittable active power is increased but at the expense of increasing the reactive power demand. A reactive current is injected into the line to maintain constant voltage magnitude by varying shunt impedance. It works as a controllable current source. In shunt compensation, FACTS are connected in parallel with the power system transmission line.